Malicious ("black hat") hackers frequently use port scanning software to determine whether ports on a computer are "open" (unfiltered) and whether or not a service is listening on that port. They can then try to exploit any potential flaws in the services they discover.
The ports 49152 to 65535 are unassigned, uncontrolled, and unregistered. They're utilised for private or temporary ports. They're also known as non-reserved or private ports. Many systems do not allow clients to select ephemeral port numbers from this range.
A port scan is an attack that sends client queries to a variety of server port addresses on a host in order to discover an active port and exploit a known vulnerability in that service. Scanning has been used to uncover vulnerable communication routes for a long time.
Usually nothing; any webserver has port 80 open at all times, if only to transmit https redirects. It would be easy to attack the server if it was running a vulnerable version of a web server or scripts with security weaknesses (for example, a wordpress installation with outdated plugins).
Scanning ports is a legitimate tool. Scanning is used by network and security managers to test firewall rules, for example. Hackers, on the other hand, use scanning to launch application-specific assaults using port scan attacks. In most port scan attacks, the attacker must transmit some form of probing packet.
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