Basic cell references that modify and change when copied or while using AutoFill are known as relative cell references. When =SUM(B5:B8) is duplicated across to the next cell, it becomes =SUM(C5:C8), as seen below.
In Excel, an absolute reference is one that is "locked" such that rows and columns do not change when copied. An absolute reference, unlike a relative reference, relates to a certain fixed point on a worksheet.
You can also make any cell reference constant by pressing the F4 key. Absolute cell references include $A$1, $B$3, and so on. For example, we want to multiply the sum of two subjects' grades, which are entered in columns A and B, by the percentage entered in cell C2, and display the result in column D.
This is a simple repair! It'll work if you hold down the Fn key before pressing F4. You can utilise absolute references in your formulas now.
Dollar signs are appended to either the letter or the number in a reference, but not both (for example, $A1 or A$1). Each letter or number in an absolute cell reference (i.e., $A$1) has a dollar sign appended to it.