PAT is an extension of “NAT” (Network Address Translation). NAT was initially designed to route packets that were addressed to one IP address through a single gateway (the host) which would provide Internet connectivity to hosts on private subnets, typically in different physical locations, who all appeared to be on the same IP network -- thus NAT allowed multiple devices with IP addresses within a particular private subnet or network range to share one public IP address assigned by an ISP, but only if their traffic was routed through this single gateway host.
The use of Port Address Translation is to act as a security measure by only allowing traffic from specific ports to cross an internal boundary. This type of translation is also used for email servers that can be accessed by clients on the internet.
Port Address Translation (PAT) is a network address translation method for Internet Protocol packets. The main benefits of PAT are that it provides load balancing and prevents address overlap.
A network device, such as a router or NAT firewall, assigns a public address to a computer or computers inside a private network.... NAT's major goal is to reduce the number of public IP addresses in use, for both security and economic reasons.
By mapping many IP port numbers to one IP address, PAT allows one IP address to be used for up to 64,000 hosts. PAT is safe since the source IP addresses of the inner hosts are masked from the outside world.
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