The spanning tree protocol is a network design protocol, which is used to prevent data loops in a LAN. It constructs the network topology of the LAN in such a way that there are no data loops, or at least there are as few loops as possible.
The protocol calculates the shortest path to every node in the network, including itself. It then creates a tree of edges which connect this nodes within an upper layer of networks, with the root node at the top of this tree.
This protocol was created in order to alleviate the problems of loops, broadcast storms, and blackholes. It does this by detecting the topology changes of the network and recalculating an optimum spanning tree for it. This reduces network congestion and prevents routing loops.
STP—This is the initial standard, defined in IEEE 802.1D, that established a loop-free topology in a network with redundant links. It assumed one spanning-tree instance for the whole bridged network, independent of the number of VLANs, and was also known as Common Spanning Tree (CST).
The Spanning Tree Protocol is a vital component of any corporate network. It ensures that the network remains connected, without loops, and maintains a single logical bus topology.
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