There are 3 common switching techniques: Circuit Switching. Packet Switching. Message Switching.
A network switch operates on the network layer 2 of the OSI model. In a local area network (LAN) using Ethernet, a network switch determines where to send each incoming message frame by looking at the physical device address (or MAC address).
LANs are cheaper than WANs, which require more cabling and often use expensive equipment like T1 lines. LANs are faster than WANs because they don't use long-distance data transfers to share information; instead, they communicate directly with each other over short distances. Lastly, LANs can be more secure because they're not exposed to remote access by Internet users like WANs are.
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Layer 2 switches enable the data to be transferred from one machine on a LAN to another machine, but they cannot transfer information outside of a single LAN. Layer 3 switches, however, can be used to move data between different networks and have enough bandwidth to handle large amounts of traffic.
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