Instead of using timers, "smart" or "intelligent" sensor-based traffic lights use a network of sensors to detect the presence of vehicles. When a car travelling on a side road approaches the intersection, a sensor detects it and cycles the lights to let the side road traffic to pass.
Fuzzy logic traffic light control is a more flexible alternative to traditional traffic light management that can handle a larger range of traffic patterns at an intersection. Instead of proximity sensors that just signal the presence of cars, a fuzzy logic operated traffic light uses sensors that count cars.
The sensors' state is checked by the PLC. The system resolution is determined by the sensor output, after which the PLC verifies the priorities and sends an output signal to the traffic light poles to turn on or off the red, yellow, or green lights, with the ON time determined by the specific priorities.
A prototype of a traffic light control system was created employing infrared sensors, as well as major components such as a microcontroller and LEDs, to control traffic signals based on traffic density.
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